Gravel
Classic beginner choice. Easy to vacuum and visually forgiving.
Natural fish colors show well against earth tones.
Roots poorly anchor — not ideal for stem plants.
Sand
Natural look, preferred by corydoras and loaches.
Compacts and traps waste — regular stirring needed.
Fine sand can clog some filters if sucked up.
Planted Aquarium Soil
ADA Amazonia, Fluval Stratum — nutrient-rich, buffers soft pH.
Best for heavily planted tanks.
More expensive, releases ammonia first week (cycle needed).
Bare Bottom
Used in breeding and quarantine tanks.
Easiest to clean, shows waste immediately.
Reflects light — fish may stress.
Layer Depth
3 to 5cm for most setups.
5 to 10cm for heavily planted tanks using rooting plants.
Slope higher at back for visual depth.